26 Copying
A. Replace unavailable, expensive, fragile object with inexpensive copies
■ Imitation jewellery
■ Astroturf
■ Crash test dummy
■ Transfers instead of tattoos
B. Replace an object, or process with optical copies
■ Do surveying from space photographs instead of on the ground
■ Measure an object by scaling measurements from a photograph
■ Virtual reality/Virtual mock-ups electronic pre-assembly modelling
C. If visible optical copies are used, move to infrared or ultraviolet copies
■ Make images in infrared to detect heat sources, such as diseases in crops, or intruders in a security system
■ Use UV as a non-destructive crack detection method
■ UV light used to attract flying insects into trap
27 Cheap Short -Living Objects
Replace an expensive object with a multiple of inexpensive objects, compromising certain qualities (such as service life, for instance)
■ Cheaper tools – screwdrivers
■ Disposable serviettes, nappies paper cups/plates/forks/cameras/ torches /etc
■ Throw - away cigarette lighters
■ Matches versus lighters
■ Sacrificial coatings/components
28 Replace Mechanical System
A. Replace a mechanical system with a sensory one
■ Reversing sensors on cars vs. bumbers
■ Natural Gas odorisation
■ Replace a physical barrier with an acoustic one (audible to animals)
■ Add a bad smell to natural gas to alert users to leaks
■ Finger-print/retina/etc scan instead of a key
■ Voice activated telephone dialling
■ Movement sensors replace light switches
■ Fire alarms: triggered by smoke/ heat
■ Retinal recognition for security
■ Voice recognition software instead of typing
■ Traffic lights instead of traffic policeman
■ Lights and bells rather than secure barriers at rail crossings
■ Baby alarms
■ Security Systems
B. Use electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields to interact with the object
■ To mix 2 powders, electrostatically charge one positive and the other negative
■ Electrostatic precipitators separate particles from airflow
■ Improve efficiency of paint-spraying by oppositely charging paint droplets and object to be painted
■ Pick up tools
■ Magnetic bearings
■ Field activated switches
■ Boot lock replaced by electrical coil
■ TV remote
■ Maglev over wheels/rails
C. Replace stationary fields with moving, unstructured fields with structured
■ Early communications used omni-directional broadcasting. We now use antennas with very detailed structure of the pattern of radiation
■ Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner
D. Use fields in conjunction with field-activated (e.g. ferromagnetic) particles
■ Heat a substance containing ferromagnetic material by using varying magnetic field. When the temperature exceeds the Curie point, the material becomes paramagnetic, and no longer absorbs heat
■ Ferro-magnetic catalysts
■ Magneto-rheological effect –uses ferromagnetic particles and variable magnetic field to alter the viscosity of a fluid
■ Ferro-fluids – e.g. Magnatec oil – stay attached to surfaces requiring lubrication
■ Ultrasonic sealing (medical/plastic bags)
29 Pneumatics and Hydraulics
Use gas and liquid parts of an object instead of solid parts (e.g. inflatable, filled with liquids, air cushion, hydrostatic, hydro-reactive)
■ Transition from mechanical to hydraulic or pneumatic drive
■ Inflatable furniture/mattress/etc.
■ Gel filled saddle adapts to user
■ Hollow section O-rings
■ Hovercraft
■ Gas bearings
■ Acoustic panels incorporating Helmholtz resonators
30 Flexible Shells & Thin Films
A. Use flexible shells and thin films instead of three-dimensional structures
■ Use inflatable (thin film) structures
■ Taut-liner trucks
■ Tarpaulin car cover instead of garage
■ Store energy in stretchable bags – accumulators in a hydraulic system
B. Isolate the object from its external environment using flexible membranes
■ Bubble-wrap
■ Bandages/plasters
■ Tea bag
■ Heat curtain instead of solid door
■ Segmented plastic vertical strips used in refrigeration and hospitals
TRIZ for Engineers: Enabling Inventive Problem Solving, First Edition. Karen Gadd.
© 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-74188-7
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