1 Segmentation
A. Divide an object into independent parts:
■ Different focal length lenses for a camera
■ Multi - pin connectors
■ Multiple pistons in an internal combustion engine
■ Multi-engined aircraft
■ Bullets/guns
■ Compound eyes
■ Somites
■ Bullet proof glass – use many smaller sections together for a windscreen – so if bullet hits only a small section is damaged
B. Make an object sectional – easy to assemble or disassemble:
■ Rapid - release fasteners for bicycle saddle/wheel/etc
■ Quick disconnect joints in plumbing and hydraulic systems
■ Single fastener V - band clamps on flange joints
■ Loose - leaf paper in a ring binder
■ Bailey bridge/bicycle chain
C. Increase the degree of fragmentation or segmentation:
■ Multiple control surfaces on aerodynamic structures
■ 16 and 24 valve versus 8 valve internal combustion engines
■ Multi - zone combustion system
■ Build up a component from layers (e.g. stereo - lithography, welds, etc)
2 Taking Out or Extraction
A. Extract the disturbing part or property from an object:
■ Non - smoking areas in restaurants or in railway carriages
■ Air conditioning in the room where you want it with the noise of the system outside the room
■ (The contradiction here is noise vs coolness - the cooler it gets the noisier it gets - this solves the contradiction by putting the noise elsewhere)
B. Extract the only necessary part (or property) of an object
■ Scarecrow
■ Economy class on planes (travel but no frills)
■ Sound of a barking dog (with no dog) as a burglar alarm
■ Sealed windows with no openings (This involves understanding all the functionality and selecting only what you want - e.g. windows provide ventilation and light – with air conditioning you may not need windows which open)
3 Local Quality
A. Change of an object’s structure from uniform to non-uniform
■ Reduce drag on aerodynamic surfaces by adding riblets or ‘shark - skin’ protrusions
■ Drink cans shaped to facilitate stable stacking
■ Moulded hand grips on tools
■ Material surface treatments/coatings – plating, erosion/corrosion protection, case hardening, non - stick, etc
B. Change an action or an external environment (or external influence) from uniform to non - uniform
■ Introduce turbulent flow around an object to alter heat transfer properties
■ Use a gradient instead of constant temperature, density, or pressure
■ Take account of extremes of weather conditions when designing outdoor systems
■ Strobe lighting
C. Make each part of an object function in conditions most suitable for its operation
■ Freezer compartment in refrigerator
■ Different zones in the combustion system of an engine
■ Night - time adjustment on a rear - view mirror
■ Lunch box with special compartments for hot and cold solid foods and for liquids
D. Make each part of an object fulfil a different and/or complementary useful function
■ Swiss - Army knife
■ Combined can and bottle opener
■ Sharp and blunt end of a drawing pin
■ Rubber on the end of a pencil
■ Hammer with nail puller
4 Asymmetry
A. Change the shape or properties of an object from symmetrical to asymmetrical
■ Asymmetrical funnel allows higher flow - rate than normal funnel
■ Put a flat spot on a cylindrical shaft to attach a locking feature
■ Oval and complex shaped O-rings
■ Coated glass or paper
■ Electric Plug
■ Introduction of angled or scarfed geometry features on component edges
■ Cutaway on a guitar improves access to high notes
■ Spout of a jug
■ Cam
■ Ratchet
■ Aerofoil – asymmetry generates lift.
■ Eccentric drive
■ Keys
B. Change the shape of an object to suit external asymmetries (e.g. ergonomic features)
■ Human - shaped seating, etc
■ Design for left and right handed users
■ Finger and thumb grip features on objects
■ Spectacles
■ Car steering system compensates for camber in road
■ Wing design compensated for asymmetric flow produced by propeller
■ Turbomachinery design for boundary layer flows ( ‘ end - bend ’ )
C. If an object is asymmetrical, increase its degree of asymmetry
■ Use of variable control surfaces to alter lift properties of an aircraft wing
■ Special connectors with complex shape/pin configurations to ensure correct assembly
■ Introduction of several different measurement scales on a ruler
5 Merging/Consolidation
A. Bring closer together (or merge) identical or similar objects or operations in space
■ Automatic rifle/machine gun
■ Multi - colour ink cartridges
■ Multi - blade razors
■ Bi - focal lens spectacles
■ Double/triple glazing
■ Strips of staples
■ Catamaran/trimara
B. Make objects or operations contiguous or parallel; bring them together in time
■ Combine harvester
■ Manufacture cells
■ Grass collector on a lawn - mower
■ Mixer taps
■ Pipe - lined computer processors perform different stages in a calculation simultaneously ■ Vector processors perform the same process on several sets of data in a single pass Fourier analysis – integration of many sine curves
TRIZ for Engineers: Enabling Inventive Problem Solving, First Edition. Karen Gadd.
© 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-74188-7
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